... so I registered a few days ago and checked out some of the pages and here I am asking to teach me the basics that I should know about bitcoin and anything else if needed.
Is it comfy in your "spoon-feed me" position? From you introduction it sounded like you're already matured and a grown-up.
OK, you might have little time besides your work, but that's your "problem". Take your time to read here. I suggest, you start with the pinned "sticky" topics in
Beginners & Help. There are a lot of links there mentioned and it's worth to explore many of them.
Pay attention to the
Unofficial list of (official) Bitcointalk.org rules, guidelines, FAQ.
About Bitcoin itself I also highly recommend what Pmalek already wrote:
https://learnmeabitcoin.comI still use that site quite often myself because I like how stuff is presented there and all the interactive elements. Much more entertaining than reading
Mastering Bitcoin which is also recommended.
Other valuable sources of information:
Awesome BitcoinNo bullshit BitcoinLopp's Bitcoin information and resources